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The <code><math.h></code> header contains prototypes for several functions that deal with mathematics. In the 1990 version of the ISO standard, only the <code>double</code> versions of the functions were specified; the 1999 version added the <code>float</code> and <code>long double</code> versions. |
The <code><math.h></code> header contains prototypes for several functions that deal with mathematics. In the 1990 version of the ISO standard, only the <code>double</code> versions of the functions were specified; the 1999 version added the <code>float</code> and <code>long double</code> versions. |
Revisão das 15h33min de 2 de março de 2007
Predefinição:Emtraducao2
The <math.h>
header contains prototypes for several functions that deal with mathematics. In the 1990 version of the ISO standard, only the double
versions of the functions were specified; the 1999 version added the float
and long double
versions.
The functions can be grouped into the following categories:
Trigonometric functions
The acos
and asin
functions
The acos
functions return the arccosine of their arguments in radians, and the asin
functions return the arcsine of their arguments in radians. All functions expect the argument in the range [-1,+1]. The arccosine returns a value in the range [0,π]; the arcsine returns a value in the range [-π/2,+π/2].
#include <math.h> float asinf(float x); /* C99 */ float acosf(float x); /* C99 */ double asin(double x); double acos(double x); long double asinl(long double x); /* C99 */ long double acosl(long double x); /* C99 */
The atan
and atan2
functions
The atan
functions return the arctangent of their arguments in radians, and the atan2
function return the arctangent of y/x
in radians. The atan
functions return a value in the range [-π/2,+π/2] (the reason why ±π/2 are included in the range is because the floating-point value may represent infinity, and atan(±∞) = ±π/2); the atan2
functions return a value in the range [-π,+π]. For atan2
, a domain error may occur if both arguments are zero.
#include <math.h> float atanf(float x); /* C99 */ float atan2f(float y, float x); /* C99 */ double atan(double x); double atan2(double y, double x); long double atanl(long double x); /* C99 */ long double atan2l(long double y, long double x); /* C99 */
The cos
, sin
, and tan
functions
The cos
, sin
, and tan
functions return the cosine, sine, and tangent of the argument, expressed in radians.
#include <math.h> float cosf(float x); /* C99 */ float sinf(float x); /* C99 */ float tanf(float x); /* C99 */ double cos(double x); double sin(double x); double tan(double x); long double cosl(long double x); /* C99 */ long double sinl(long double x); /* C99 */ long double tanl(long double x); /* C99 */
Hyperbolic functions
The cosh
, sinh
and tanh
functions compute the hyperbolic cosine, the hyperbolic sine, and the hyperbolic tangent of the argument respectively. For the hyperbolic sine and cosine functions, a range error occurs if the magnitude of the argument is too large.
#include <math.h> float coshf(float x); /* C99 */ float sinhf(float x); /* C99 */ float tanhf(float x); /* C99 */ double cosh(double x); double sinh(double x); double tanh(double x); long double coshl(long double x); /* C99 */ long double sinhl(long double x); /* C99 */ long double tanhl(long double x); /* C99 */
Exponential and logarithmic functions
The exp
functions
The exp
functions compute the exponential function of x
(ex). A range error occurs if the magnitude of x
is too large.
#include <math.h> float expf(float x); /* C99 */ double exp(double x); long double expl(long double x); /* C99 */
The frexp
, ldexp
, and modf
functions
The frexp
functions break a floating-point number into a normalized fraction and an integer power of 2. It stores the integer in the object pointed to by ex
.
The frexp
functions return the value x
such that x
has a magnitude of either [1/2, 1) or zero, and value
equals x
times 2 to the power *ex
. If value
is zero, both parts of the result are zero.
The ldexp
functions multiply a floating-point number by a integral power of 2 and return the result. A range error may occur.
The modf
function breaks the argument value
into integer and fraction parts, each of which has the same sign as the argument. They store the integer part in the object pointed to by *iptr
and return the fraction part.
#include <math.h> float frexpf(float value, int *ex); /* C99 */ double frexp(double value, int *ex); long double frexpl(long double value, int *ex); /* C99 */ float ldexpf(float x, int ex); /* C99 */ double ldexp(double x, int ex); long double ldexpl(long double x, int ex); /* C99 */ float modff(float value, float *iptr); /* C99 */ double modf(double value, double *iptr); long double modfl(long double value, long double *iptr); /* C99 */
The log
and log10
functions
The log
functions compute the natural (not common) logarithm of the argument and return the result. A domain error occurs if the argument is negative. A range error may occur if the argument is zero.
The log10
functions compute the common (base-10) logarithm of the argument and return the result. A domain error occurs if the argument is negative. A range error may occur if the argument is zero.
#include <math.h> float logf(float x); /* C99 */ double log(double x); long double logl(long double x); /* C99 */ float log10f(float x); /* C99 */ double log10(double x); long double log10l(long double x); /* C99 */
Power functions
The pow
functions
The pow
functions compute x
raised to the power y
and return the result. A domain error occurs if x
is negative and y
is not an integral value. A domain error occurs if the result cannot be represented when x
is zero and y
is less than or equal to zero. A range error may occur.
#include <math.h> float powf(float x, float y); /* C99 */ double pow(double x, double y); long double powl(long double x, long double y); /* C99 */
The sqrt functions
functions
The sqrt
functions compute the nonnegative square root of x
and return the result. A domain error occurs if the argument is negative.
#include <math.h>
float sqrtf(float x); /* C99 */
double sqrt(double x);
long double sqrtl(long double x); /* C99 */
Nearest integer, absolute value, and remainder functions
The ceil
and floor
functions
The ceil
functions compute the smallest integral value not less than x
and return the result; the floor
functions compute the largest integral value not greater than x
and return the result.
#include <math.h>
float ceilf(float x); /* C99 */
double ceil(double x);
long double ceill(long double x); /* C99 */
float floorf(float x); /* C99 */
double floor(double x);
long double floorl(long double x); /* C99 */
The fabs
functions
The fabs
functions compute the absolute value of a floating-point number x
and return the result.
#include <math.h>
float fabsf(float x); /* C99 */
double fabs(double x);
long double fabsl(long double x); /* C99 */
The fmod
functions
The fmod
functions compute the floating-point remainder of x/y
and return the value x
- i * y
, for some integer i such that, if y
is nonzero, the result has the same sign as x
and magnitude less than the magnitude of y
. If y
is zero, whether a domain error occurs or the fmod
functions return zero is implementation-defined.
#include <math.h>
float fmodf(float x, float y); /* C99 */
double fmod(double x, double y);
long double fmodl(long double x, long double y); /* C99 */